How to Use a Fire Pit Safely | Rules That Keep Fires Safe

Use a fire pit only outdoors, at least 10 feet from anything that can burn, on a level, non-combustible surface, with constant adult supervision.

The warmth of a crackling fire makes a fire pit one of the best backyard additions—but it is still a fire with a thin margin for error. Every year, outdoor fires that crept too close to a deck, caught a spark in dry grass, or were left smoldering overnight turn a pleasant evening into a call to the fire department. The rules below, drawn from fire safety authorities, prevent those calls. If you are still choosing a pit, see our roundup of awesome fire pits for backyard use for durable, safe options.

Where Should You Place a Fire Pit?

Location decides most of the risk. A fire pit belongs outdoors only—never in a garage, tent, or screened porch—with at least 10 feet of clearance from anything that can burn: siding, decks, railings, eaves, branches, and rooflines. Keep it well away from dry grass and vegetation.

The surface must be level and non-combustible. Concrete, bricks, or patio blocks are right; wood decks are only acceptable if the manufacturer explicitly allows it and local rules do not prohibit it. When in doubt, use bare ground or a stone pad.

What Fuel and Ignition Methods Are Safe?

For wood-burning pits, burn only clean, dry, seasoned hardwood. No trash, plastic, rubber, painted lumber, or pressure-treated wood—all release toxic fumes. Never use gasoline, kerosene, lighter fluid, or other flammable liquids to start or relight a fire; the flashback is a leading cause of injuries. Use kindling and a long match or lighter instead.

Keep the fire modest. A towering bonfire in a small pit throws embers far beyond the safety perimeter; build a moderate fire and add wood gradually.

How Do You Supervise and Extinguish a Fire Pit?

A responsible adult must stay with the fire until it is completely out—never unattended, even for a minute, and never overnight. Keep children and pets at least 3 feet away at all times; sparks pop without warning. Before lighting, have water, sand, a hose, or an extinguisher within reach. To extinguish, spread the embers, pour water or sand over them, and stir until no steam rises and ashes are cool to the touch—this takes longer than expected, as embers can stay hot for hours. Dispose of cooled ashes in a metal container with a tight lid; a cardboard box or plastic bin is unsafe because hidden embers can smolder and ignite.

When Should You Skip the Fire Entirely?

Wind is the invisible hazard: a moderate breeze can carry embers onto a roof or into dry grass dozens of feet away. Avoid windy conditions and check the forecast first. Local rules govern burning, too—many municipalities require a spark guard or screen, and others impose seasonal bans. Check with your local fire department, especially in late summer or drought. Even when not required, a spark guard contains the popping embers that cause most surprise ignitions. Finally, keep the area clear of trip hazards, place seating at a safe distance, and keep the space well lit after dark.

The habit that prevents most accidents is simple: treat the fire as a living thing needing attention from first flame to last cold ash. Follow these rules, check local regulations, and supervise children and pets closely to enjoy the warmth without the worry.